About XML DTD and its various components

The DTD is a building block of an XML document. It defines a list of legal documents for the document structure. A DTD can be specified either externally or internally in a document.

With the help of a DTD each of your XML files can carry information in their own format. A standard DTD can be used to verify whether the data you receive from outside is valid or not. A DTD can be declared either internally or externally. The following are the simple building blocks of XML:

.

* Tags
* Elements
* Entities
* Attributes
* CDDATA
* PCDATA

TAGS:

These are used to markup elements. These are used for formatting codes. This indicates how a document will appear when displayed.
Example:

<Wish>
<To>John</to>
<From>Jill</From>
<Heading>Reminder</Heading>
<Body>HAPPY BIRTHDAY</Body>
</Wish>
In the above example the term “wish” is the tag.

ELEMENTS:

These are the main building blocks of XML documents. Elements can contain text or they can be empty

Example:

<Wish>
<To>John</To>
<From>Jill</From>
<Heading>Reminder</Heading>
<Body>HAPPY BIRTHDAY</Body>
</Wish>

In the above example the terms <to>, <from>, <body> are the elements.

ENTITIES:

They are variables to define common text.

A few of the predefined entities in XML are as follows:

Entity References
Character
&gt;
>
&lt;
<
&quot;
“
&amp;
&
&apos;
'

ATTRIBUTES:

They provide extra information about elements.
Example:

<Img src="computer.gif" />

In the above example the Img provides more information about the image by specifying source of the image using the attribute “src”.

CDATA:

Cdata means Character Data. It is a text that will not be parsed by the parser. The text inside these tags is not treated as markups and the entities will not be expanded.
PCDATA:

PcData denotes “Parsed Character Data”. PcData is the text parsed by the parser. The text inside these tags is treated as markups and the entities will be expanded.



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